The question is basically the title. I’m curious if there’s anyway of powering the laser from a vehicle.
Sure, just choose an inverter that exceeds the power rating of your tool. Eg the cheap 240v/130w inverter on my boat could easily power my diode laser rig and more.
Alternatively, if the main system runs off 12 volts, you could use jumper cables and find a suitable place to connect in the case.