The Prusa i3 is going to be one of your better options. It’s certainly the most value-oriented. It comes in at less than $1k. If you’re looking in the 3k+ range, the Ultimaker is a good choice too. Don’t buy anything above that range. It’s just not worth it.
Speed is going to be a problem, however - FDM is all pretty much the same. The speed is all dependent on slicer settings, and can range from 20 minutes to a couple of days depending on how finely you set them. You could get multiple Ultimakers/Prusa i3’s and control them with BotQueue if you wanted to parallelize though. Beats buying a single $15k printer.
As far as CAD goes, everyone here will have their own opinions. Personally if I’ve got a company offering up $15k for just the printer, I’d go with Solidworks simply because it’s the best. However for people on a budget I often recommend Fusion360, OnShape, etc. Stay away from SketchUp.